Revisiting standardisation and variation

Automatic standardisation of texts containing spelling variation

Large quantities of spelling variation in corpora, such as that found in Early Modern English, can cause significant problems for corpus linguistic tools and methods. Having texts with standardised spelling is key to making such tools and methods accurate and meaningful in their analysis. Gaining access to such versions of texts can be problematic however, and manual standardisation of the text...

Primates in Laboratories: Standardisation, Harmonisation, Variation and Science

Many animals are bred specifically for use in laboratories; the genetic variation between individuals is minimised, and housing and husbandry is often standardised. The rationale is to decrease the variation of the scientific findings, and allow a reduction in number of animals used, although these relationships are questioned. Non-human primates used in laboratories present a different case; t...

Is there much variation in variation? Revisiting statistics of small area variation in health services research

BACKGROUND The importance of Small Area Variation Analysis for policy-making contrasts with the scarcity of work on the validity of the statistics used in these studies. Our study aims at 1) determining whether variation in utilization rates between health areas is higher than would be expected by chance, 2) estimating the statistical power of the variation statistics; and 3) evaluating the abi...

Specialisation, standardisation and Lapita ceramics

Intellectual Property Protection and Standardisation

This chapter presents the first attempt at analyzing the relationship between strategies to protect intellectual property rights and their impact on the likelihood of joining formal standardization processes, based on a small sample of European companies. On the one hand, theory suggests that the stronger the protection of one’s own technological know-how, the higher the likelihood to join form...